History of faisalabad(THE CITY OF PAKISTAN)

Faisalabad (Urdu: فیصل آباد‎; English: /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/), formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan, and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab. Historically one of the first planned cities within British India, it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis. Faisalabad was restructured into city district status; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance (LGO). The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 (2,261 sq mi)[5] while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) is 1,280 km2 (490 sq mi).[6][7]:8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads, rails, and air transportation.[8] It has been referred to as the "Manchester of Pakistan".[9][10] As of 2013, GDP (PPP) of Faisalabad was estimated as $43 billion[4] and projected to rise to $87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%.[11] Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent to the Punjab's GDP and has an average annual GDP (nominal) of $20.5 billion.[4] Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark.[12][7]:41 Faisalabad فیصل آباد Lyallpur Metropolis Ghanta Ghar 04.JPG Railway station of Faisalabad.JPG Nusrat Fathe Ali Khan Arts Council faisalabad.JPG National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.jpg Flyover and underpass (cropped).jpg From top, left to right: Clock Tower, Faisalabad Railway Station, Faisalabad Arts Council, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhal Chowk interchange, Satayana - Canal Roads. Flag of Faisalabad Flag Official seal of Faisalabad Seal Nickname(s): The Manchester of Pakistan Faisalabad is located in Punjab, PakistanFaisalabadFaisalabad Location of Faisalabad Show map of Punjab, Pakistan Show map of Earth Show all Coordinates: 31°25′0″N 73°5′28″E Country Pakistan Province Punjab, Pakistan Punjab Division Faisalabad District Faisalabad Settled 1892 Founded by Sir James Broadwood Lyall Government • Mayor of Faisalabad Farooq Khan • Deputy Mayor of Faisalabad 3 zonal mayors Area • City 1,300 km2 (490 sq mi) • Land 840 km2 (325 sq mi) • Water 430 km2 (165 sq mi) 33% • Metro 5,860 km2 (2,261 sq mi) Elevation 186 m (610 ft) Population (2017)[1][2] • City 3,203,846 • Rank 3rd, Pakistan • Density 2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi) Demonym(s) Faisalabadi Time zone UTC+05:00 (PST) ZIP code format 38xxx Area code(s) 041 Vehicle registration Three letters beginning with F and random four numbers (e.g. FDA-1234) Former Name Lyallpur Official Language Urdu Native language Punjabi Languages (1981) 98.2% Punjabi 1.8% Others[3] GDP/PPP $43 billion (2013)[4] Website www.fda.gov.pk History Edit Faisalabad is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan and has a huge historical background The first university in Lyallpur was built by the British Indian Empire in 1906 with the foundation stone laid by Sir Louis Dane, then Lieutenant and Governor of Punjab.[13] Mohammed Ali Jinnah, in Lyallpur where he gave a historic speech at Dhobi Ghat, c. 1943 One of the earlier industrial exhibition at the University of Agriculture, still a major exhibition in the city today, c. 1949 Toponymy Edit The Faisalabad district actually began as the Lyallpur district in 1904, and, prior to that, was a tehsil of the Jhang district.This city was made by Rai Bahadur Bhavanidas Sikka.[14] During the British Raj in colonial India, the city of Lyallpur was named in honour of the then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir James Broadwood Lyall, for his services in the colonisation of the lower Chenab Valley.[15] The surname Lyall was joined with the noun pur, meaning 'city' in Sanskrit.[16] On 1st September 1977,[17] the Government of Pakistan changed the name of the city from Lyallpur to Faisalabad ('City of Faisal') in honour of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, who made several financial contributions to Pakistan.[18][19] Early settlements Edit According to the University of Faisalabad, the city of Faisalabad traces its origins to the 18th century, when the land was inhabited by a number of forest-dwelling tribes. It is believed these early settlements belonged to the ancient districts of Jhang and Sandalbar, which included the area between Shahdara to Shorekot and Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh.[20] The Faisalabad area is developed in the old area of Paki Mari. The shrine of Baba Noor Shah Wali was erected in this area before the development of Faisalabad.[21] Colonial rule Edit Punjab, 1909 Partition of India, 1947 By the mid-18th century, the economic and administrative collapse of provinces within the Mughal Empire, from Punjab to Bengal, led to its dissolution.[22] Internal unrest resulted in multiple battles for independence and further deterioration of the region, which then led to formal colonialisation as established by the Government of India Act 1858, with direct control under the British Rajfrom 1858 to 1947.[23][24] In 1880, Poham Young CIE, a British colonial officer, proposed construction of a new strategic town within the area.[25] His proposal was supported by Sir James Broadwood Lyall and the city of Lyall was developed.[25] Historically, Faisalabad, (Lyallpur until 1979), became one of the first planned cities within British India.[12] Young designed the city centre to replicate the design in the Union Jack with eight roads extending from a large clock tower at its epicentre;[26] a design geometrically symbolic of the Cross of Saint Andrew counterchanged with the Cross of Saint Patrick, and Saint George's Cross over all.[27] The eight roads developed into eight separate bazaars (markets) leading to different regions of the Punjab.[15][28] In 1892, the newly constructed town with its growing agricultural surplus was added to the British rail network.[29] Construction of the rail link between Wazirabad and Lyallpur was completed in 1895.[26] In 1896, Gujranwala, Jhang and Sahiwal comprising the Tehsils of Lyallpur were under the administrative control of the Jhang District.[14] In 1904, the new district of Lyallpur was formed to include the tehsils of Samundri and Toba Tek Singh with a sub-tehsil at Jaranwala, which later became a full tehsil in itself.[30] The University of Agriculture, originally the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute, Lyallpur, was established in 1906.[13] The Town Committee was upgraded to a Municipal Committee in 1909. Lyallpur grew into an established agricultural tool and grain centre.[31] The 1930s brought industrial growth and market expansion to the textile industry as well as to food processing, grain crushing and chemicals.[15] Independence Edit Lady Mountbatten, Vicereine of India, among the Hindu evacuees at the Punjab Scouts Camp, Layallpur during partition of British India In August 1947, following three decades of nationalist struggles, India and Pakistan achieved independence. The British agreed to partition colonial India into two sovereign states – Pakistan with a Muslim majority, and India with a Hindu majority; however, more Muslims remained in India than what governing authorities believed would assimilate into Pakistan.[32] The partitioning led to a mass migration of an estimated 10 million people which made it the largest mass migration in human history.[32] India's Bengal province was divided into East Pakistan and West Bengal (India), and the Punjab Province was divided into Punjab (West Pakistan) and Punjab, India. There were also respective divisions of the British Indian Army, the Indian Civil Service, various administrative services, the central treasury, and the railways.[33] Riots and local fighting followed the expeditious withdrawal of the British, resulting in an estimated one million civilians deaths, particularly in the western region of Punjab.[32] Lyallpur, which was located in the region of the Punjab Province that became West Pakistan, was populated by a number of Hindus and Sikhs who migrated to India, while Muslim refugees from India settled in the district.[33] In 1977, Pakistani authorities changed the name of the city to "Faisalabad" to honour the close relationship of Faisal of Saudi Arabia with Pakistan.[34] During the eighties, the city realised an increase in foreign investment.[35] More Faisalabadis began working abroad as bilateral ties improved within the new dominion. This led to more monetary funds returning to the city that aided the development of the region.[19] In 1985, the city was upgraded as a division with the districts of Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.[20]